Simon and Garfunkel She Will Again

American folk music duo

Simon & Garfunkel
Fine art Garfunkel (left) and Paul Simon performing in Dublin, 1982
Groundwork information
Likewise known as	Tom & Jerry (1956–1964)
Origin	New York City, New York, U.S.
Genres	Folk rock[1]
Years active	1956–1970 1972 1975–1977 1981–1984 1990 1993 2003–2005 2007–2010
Labels	Columbia
Website	simonandgarfunkel.com
Past members	Paul Simon Fine art Garfunkel

Simon & Garfunkel were an American folk rock duo consisting of vocalist-songwriter Paul Simon and singer Art Garfunkel. They were one of the all-time-selling music groups of the 1960s, and their biggest hits—including "The Sound of Silence" (1965), "Mrs. Robinson" (1968), "The Boxer" (1969), and "Span over Troubled Water" (1970)—reached number one on singles charts worldwide.

Simon and Garfunkel met in elementary school in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize and began writing songs. As teenagers, nether the proper noun Tom & Jerry, they had small-scale success with "Hey Schoolgirl" (1957), a song imitating their idols, the Everly Brothers. In 1963, aware of a growing public interest in folk music, they regrouped and were signed to Columbia Records every bit Simon & Garfunkel. Their debut, Wednesday Morning time, 3 A.M., sold poorly; Simon returned to a solo career, this time in England. In June 1965, a new version of "The Sound of Silence" overdubbed with electrical guitar and drums became a United states of america AM radio hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The duo reunited to release a 2nd studio album, Sounds of Silence, and tour colleges nationwide. On their third release, Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966), they causeless more than creative control. Their music was featured in the 1967 movie The Graduate, giving them further exposure. Their next album Bookends (1968) topped the Billboard 200 nautical chart^[2] and included the number-i unmarried "Mrs. Robinson" from the film.

Simon and Garfunkel had a troubled relationship, leading to creative disagreements and their breakdown in 1970. Their final studio album, Bridge over Troubled Water, was released that January, becoming one of the world's acknowledged albums. After their breakup, Simon released a number of acclaimed albums, including 1986's Graceland.^[3] Garfunkel released solo hits such as "All I Know" and briefly pursued an acting career, with leading roles in the Mike Nichols films Take hold of-22 and Carnal Cognition and in Nicolas Roeg's 1980 Bad Timing. The duo have reunited several times; their 1981 concert in Central Park attracted more than 500,000 people, i of the largest concert attendances in history.^{[4] [v]}

Simon & Garfunkel won ten Grammy Awards and were inducted into the Rock and Curlicue Hall of Fame in 1990.^[six] Richie Unterberger described them every bit "the well-nigh successful folk-rock duo of the 1960s" and one of the virtually pop artists from the decade.^[one] They are amongst the acknowledged music artists, having sold more than than 100 meg records.^[seven] They were ranked 40th on Rolling Stone'due south 2010 list of the Greatest Artists of All Fourth dimension^[8] and third on its listing of the greatest duos.^[nine]

History [edit]

1953–1956: Early years [edit]

Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel grew up in the 1940s and 1950s in their predominantly Jewish neighborhood of Kew Gardens Hills in Queens, New York, three blocks away from ane another. They attended the same schools: Public School 164 in Kew Gardens Hills, Parsons Junior High School, and Forest Hills High School.^{[ten] [11]} They were both fascinated past music; both listened to the radio and were taken with rock and whorl as information technology emerged, specially the Everly Brothers.^[12] Simon showtime noticed Garfunkel when Garfunkel was singing in a quaternary grade talent prove, which Simon idea was a expert way to attract girls; he hoped for a friendship, which started in 1953, when they appeared in a sixth grade adaptation of Alice in Wonderland.^{[11] [thirteen]} They formed a streetcorner doo-wop group chosen the Peptones with iii friends and learned to harmonize.^{[xiv] [15]} They began performing as a duo at schoolhouse dances.^[sixteen]

Simon and Garfunkel moved to Forest Hills High School,^[17] where in 1956 they wrote their outset song, "The Daughter for Me"; Simon'south father sent a handwritten copy to the Library of Congress to register a copyright.^[16] While trying to remember the lyrics to the Everly Brothers song "Hey Doll Infant", they wrote "Hey Schoolgirl", which they recorded for $25 at Sanders Recording Studio in Manhattan.^[18] While recording they were overheard past promoter Sid Prosen, who signed them to his independent label Big Records after speaking to their parents. They were both fifteen.^[19]

1957–1964: From Tom & Jerry and early recordings [edit]

1957 publicity photo of Simon & Garfunkel as Tom & Jerry

Nether Big Records, Simon and Garfunkel assumed the name Tom & Jerry; Garfunkel named himself Tom Graph, a reference to his interest in mathematics, and Simon Jerry Landis, later the surname of a daughter he had dated. Their first single, "Hey Schoolgirl", was released with the B-side "Dancin' Wild" in 1957.^{[xiii] [20]} Prosen, using the payola arrangement, bribed DJ Alan Freed $200 to play the unmarried on his radio show, where information technology became a nightly staple.^[21] "Hey Schoolgirl" attracted regular rotation on nationwide AM pop stations, leading it to sell over 100,000 copies and to state on Billboard 'southward charts at number 49.^[21] Prosen promoted the group heavily, getting them a headlining spot on Dick Clark's American Bandstand alongside Jerry Lee Lewis.^[22] Simon and Garfunkel shared approximately $four,000 from the vocal – earning two percent each from royalties, the remainder staying with Prosen.^[23] They released 2 more singles on Large Records ("Our Song" and "That'southward My Story") neither of them successful.^{[eighteen] [24] [25]}

Afterward graduating from Wood Hills High Schoolhouse in 1958,^[26] the pair continued their education should a music career not unfold. Simon studied English language at Queens College, City University of New York, and Garfunkel studied architecture earlier switching to fine art history at Columbia Higher, Columbia University.^{[xx] [27] [28]} While still with Large Records as a duo, Simon released a solo single, "True or False", nether the name "True Taylor".^[23] This upset Garfunkel, who regarded it as a betrayal; the emotional tension from the incident occasionally surfaced throughout their relationship.^[29]

Simon and Garfunkel continued recording as solo artists: Garfunkel equanimous and recorded "Private World" for Octavia Records, and—under the proper name Artie Garr—"Crush Dearest" for Warwick; Simon recorded with the Mystics and Tico and the Triumphs, and wrote and recorded under the names Jerry Landis and Paul Kane.^{[24] [29] [30]} Simon also wrote and performed demos for other artists, working for a while with Carole Male monarch and Gerry Goffin.^{[24] [31]}

After graduating in 1963, Simon joined Garfunkel, who was withal at Columbia University, to perform again equally a duo, this time with a shared interest in folk music.^{[32] [30]} Simon enrolled function-time in Brooklyn Law Schoolhouse.^[33] By late 1963, billing themselves every bit Kane & Garr, they performed at Gerde's Folk City, a Greenwich guild that hosted Monday dark open mic performances.^[34] They performed three new songs—"Sparrow", "He Was My Brother", and "The Sound of Silence"—and attracted the attending of Columbia Records staffer Tom Wilson, a prominent A&R human and producer (who would later go a key architect of Bob Dylan's transition from folk to rock).^{[35] [36]} As a "star producer" for the characterization, he wanted to record "He Was My Brother" with a new British human action, the Pilgrims.^[37] Simon convinced Wilson to let him and Garfunkel audition in the studio, where they performed "The Sound of Silence". At Wilson's urging, Columbia signed them.^[37]

Simon & Garfunkel's debut studio album, Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M., produced past Wilson, was recorded over three sessions in March 1964 and released in October.^[38] It contains five compositions by Simon, 3 traditional folk songs, and iv folk-influenced vocaliser-songwriter songs.^{[ clarification needed ] [38]} Simon was adamant that they would no longer use stage names.^[39] Columbia set upwards a promotional showcase at Folk City on March 31, 1964, the duo's first public concert as Simon & Garfunkel.^[39]

1964–1965: Simon in England; Garfunkel in higher [edit]

Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M. sold only three,000 copies on release. Simon moved to England,^[xl] where he toured small folk clubs and befriended folk artists such as Bert Jansch, Martin Carthy, Al Stewart, and Sandy Denny.^{[41] [42] [43]} He also met Kathy Chitty, who became the object of his affection and is the Kathy in "Kathy's Song" and "America".^[44]

A small music publishing company, Lorna Music, licensed "Carlos Dominguez", a single Simon had recorded two years prior as Paul Kane, for a cover past Val Doonican that sold well.^[45] Simon visited Lorna to thank them, and the meeting resulted in a publishing and recording contract. He signed to the Oriole label and released "He Was My Blood brother" as a unmarried.^[45] Simon invited Garfunkel to stay for the summertime of 1964.^[45]

Near the end of the season, Garfunkel returned to Columbia for class.^[46] Simon also returned to the United states of america, and resumed his studies at Brooklyn Law School for one semester, partially at his parents' insistence. He returned to England in January 1965, now certain that music was his calling.^[47] In the meantime, his landlady, Judith Piepe, had compiled a record from his work at Lorna and sent it to the BBC in hopes they would play it.^[47] The demos aired on the Five to X morning show, and were instantly successful. Oriole had folded into CBS by that betoken, and hoped to record a new Simon album.^[48]

Simon recorded his first solo album, The Paul Simon Songbook, in June 1965, featuring future Simon & Garfunkel staples including "I Am a Rock" and "April Come up She Will". CBS flew Wilson over to produce the tape, and he stayed at Simon'south apartment.^[48] The album was released in Baronial; although sales were poor, Simon felt content with his future in England.^[49] Garfunkel graduated in 1965, returning to Columbia University to do a master'south degree in mathematics.^{[28] [50]}

1965–1966: Mainstream quantum and success [edit]

In the United States, Dick Summertime, a late-night DJ at WBZ in Boston, played "The Sound of Silence"; it became popular with a college audience.^[51] Information technology was picked upward the next solar day along the East Declension of the United states of america. When Wilson heard about this new moving ridge of involvement, he took inspiration from the success of the folk-rock hybrid that he had created with Dylan in "Similar a Rolling Rock" and crafted a rock remix of "Sound of Silence" using studio musicians.^[52] The remix was issued in September 1965, and information technology eventually reached the Billboard Hot 100.^[53] Wilson did non inform the duo of his programme, and Simon was "horrified" when he first heard information technology.^[53]

By January 1966, "The Sound of Silence" had topped the Hot 100, selling over i million copies.^[54] Simon reunited with Garfunkel in New York, leaving Chitty and his friends in England behind. CBS demanded a new album to exist called Sounds of Silence to ride the wave of the hit.^[55] Recorded in three weeks and consisting of rerecorded songs from The Paul Simon Songbook plus four new tracks, Sounds of Silence was rush-released in mid-Jan 1966, peaking at number 21 Billboard Top LPs chart.^[56] A calendar week later, "Homeward Leap" was released as a single, entering the USA elevation ten, followed by "I Am a Rock" peaking at number three.^[56] The duo supported the recordings with a nationwide tour of the US including a functioning during the get-go Leap Weekend of the University of Massachusetts Boston where the duo was the headline act.^[57] CBS continued its promotion by re-releasing Wednesday Morning time, three A.Chiliad., which charted at number thirty.^[58] Despite the success, the duo was derided by some critics equally a manufactured simulated of folk music.^[56]

Since they considered The Sounds of Silence a "rush task" to capitalize on their sudden success, Simon & Garfunkel spent more time crafting the follow-up. It was the first time Simon insisted on total control in aspects of recording.^[59] Piece of work began in 1966 and took 9 months.^[threescore] Garfunkel considered the recording of "Scarborough Fair" to be the signal at which they stepped into the role of producer, as they were constantly abreast engineer Roy Halee mixing.^[lx] Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme was issued in October 1966, post-obit the release of several singles and sold-out college campus shows.^[61] The duo resumed their college circuit bout eleven days later, crafting an image that was described as "alienated", "weird", and "poetic".^[62] Manager Mort Lewis also was responsible for this public perception, equally he withheld them from goggle box appearances unless they were allowed to play an uninterrupted set or choose the setlist.^[62] Simon, so 26, felt he had "made it" into an upper echelon of stone and roll while retaining creative integrity; co-ordinate to his biographer Marc Eliot, this made him "spiritually closer to Bob Dylan than to, say, Bobby Darin".^[63] The duo chose William Morris as their booking agency later a recommendation from Wally Amos, also a friend of Wilson's.^[63]

During the sessions for Parsley, Simon and Garfunkel recorded "A Hazy Shade of Winter"; it was released equally a single, peaking at number thirteen on the national charts.^[sixty] "At the Zoo", recorded for a single release in early 1967,^{[ description needed ]} charted at number sixteen.^[64] Simon began piece of work for their side by side album around this time, telling Loftier Allegiance he was no longer interested in singles.^[65] He developed writer'due south block, which prevented the duo from releasing an album in 1967.^[66] Many other successful artists at the time were expected to release two or three albums each year, and the lack of productivity worried Columbia executives.^[65] Amid concerns for Simon's apparent idleness, Columbia Records chairman Clive Davis arranged for upwards-and-coming producer John Simon to kicking-start the recording.^[67] Simon was distrustful of label executives; on i occasion, he and Garfunkel recorded a meeting with Davis, who was giving a "fatherly talk" on speeding up production, to laugh at information technology later.^[68] The rare television appearances at this fourth dimension saw the duo performing on network broadcasts as The Ed Sullivan Evidence, The Mike Douglas Show, and The Andy Williams Show in 1966, and twice on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hr in 1967.^{[ citation needed ]}

Meanwhile, manager Mike Nichols, so filming The Graduate, had become fascinated with Simon & Garfunkel's records, listening to them extensively before and after filming.^[69] He met Davis to inquire for permission to license Simon & Garfunkel music for his moving-picture show. Davis viewed it as a perfect fit and envisioned a bestselling soundtrack album.^[63] Simon was non every bit receptive and was cautious of "selling out". However, after meeting Nichols and being impressed by his wit and the script, he agreed to write new songs for the moving-picture show.^[63] Leonard Hirshan, a powerful amanuensis at William Morris, negotiated a deal that paid Simon $25,000 to submit three songs to Nichols and producer Lawrence Turman.^[seventy] When Nichols was not impressed past Simon'south songs "Punky'south Dilemma" and "Overs", Simon and Garfunkel offered another, incomplete song, which became "Mrs. Robinson"; Nichols loved it.^[70]

1967–1968: Studio fourth dimension and low profile [edit]

Simon & Garfunkel's fourth studio album, Bookends, was recorded in fits and starts from late 1966 to early 1968. Although the anthology had long been planned, work did not brainstorm in earnest until late 1967.^[71] The duo were signed under an older contract that specified the label pay for sessions,^[68] and Simon & Garfunkel took advantage of this, hiring viola and brass players and percussionists.^[72] The record'south brevity reflects its curtailed and perfectionist product; the team spent over l hours recording "Punky's Dilemma", for instance, and rerecorded vocal parts, sometimes note by note, until they were satisfied.^[73] Garfunkel'southward songs and vocalism took a pb role on some of the songs, and the harmonies for which the duo was known gradually disappeared. For Simon, Bookends represented the stop of the collaboration and became an early indicator of his intentions to become solo.^[74]

Prior to release, the ring helped put together and performed at the Monterey Pop Festival, which signaled the starting time of the Summer of Dearest on the W Coast.^[75] "Fakin' Information technology" was issued as a single that summer and found only modest success on AM radio; the duo were much more than focused on the ascent FM format, which played album tracks and treated their music with respect.^[76] In January 1968, the duo appeared on a Kraft Music Hall special, Three for Tonight, performing ten songs, largely taken from their previous album.^[77] Bookends was released by Columbia Records in Apr 1968, 24 hours before the bump-off of Martin Luther King Jr., which spurred nationwide outrage and riots.^[78] The anthology debuted on the Billboard Height LPs in the issue dated Apr 27, 1968, climbing to number one and staying at that position for seven not-consecutive weeks; it remained on the chart every bit a whole for 66 weeks.^[75] Bookends received such heavy orders weeks in accelerate of its release that Columbia was able to apply for award certification before copies left the warehouse, a fact it touted in magazine ads. The album became the duo'south bestselling to appointment, helped by the attention for the Graduate soundtrack 10 weeks earlier, creating an initial combined sales figure of over five million units.^[79]

Davis had predicted this, and suggested raising the listing price of Bookends by i dollar to $v.79, in a higher place the then standard retail cost, to compensate for a large poster included in vinyl copies.^{[79] [eighty]} Simon scoffed and viewed it as charging a premium on "what was sure to exist that year'south best-selling Columbia album". According to biographer Marc Eliot, Davis was "offended by what he perceived as their lack of gratitude for what he believed was his role in turning them into superstars".^[79] Rather than implement Davis' plan, Simon & Garfunkel signed a contract extension with Columbia that guaranteed them a college royalty rate.^[79] At the 1969 Grammy Awards, the atomic number 82 single "Mrs. Robinson" became the kickoff rock and roll song to receive Tape of the Year, and besides won Best Contemporary Pop Performance past a Duo or Grouping.^[81]

1969–1970: Growing apart and final album [edit]

Bookends, alongside the Graduate soundtrack, fabricated Simon & Garfunkel the biggest rock duo in the world.^[79] Simon was approached by producers to write music for films or license songs; he turned down Franco Zeffirelli, who was preparing to film Blood brother Dominicus, Sister Moon, and John Schlesinger, who was preparing to film Midnight Cowboy.^[79] In improver to Hollywood proposals, Simon declined a asking by producers from the Broadway show Jimmy Shine (starring Simon's friend Dustin Hoffman, also the lead in Midnight Cowboy).^[82] He collaborated briefly with Leonard Bernstein on a sacred mass earlier withdrawing from the project due to "finding it perhaps likewise far afield from his comfort zone".^[82]

Garfunkel began acting, and played Captain Nately in the Nichols film Catch-22 (1970). Simon was to play the character of Dunbar, but screenwriter Buck Henry felt the film was already crowded with characters and wrote Simon'south part out.^{[83] [84]} Filming began in January 1969 and lasted about eight months, longer than expected.^{[85] [86]} The production endangered the duo's relationship;^[84] Simon had completed no new songs, and the duo planned to collaborate after filming concluded.^[84] Following the cease of filming in October, the commencement performance of what was planned to be their last bout took place in Ames, Iowa.^[87] The US leg of the tour ended in the sold-out Carnegie Hall on Nov 27.^{[88] [89]} Meanwhile, the duo, working with director Charles Grodin, produced an hourlong CBS special, Songs of America, a mixture of scenes featuring notable political events and leaders concerning the United states of america, such as the Vietnam War, Martin Luther Male monarch Jr., John F. Kennedy's funeral procession, Cesar Chavez and the Poor People's March. It was broadcast simply once, due to tension at the network regarding its content.^{[90] [91]} Information technology was reported that "1 million viewers responded past turning the punch and watching the figure skating on NBC instead."^[92]

Bridge over Troubled H2o, Simon & Garfunkel's final studio anthology, was released in Jan 1970 and charted in over 11 countries, topping the charts in 10, including the Billboard Top LP's chart in the US and the United kingdom Albums Chart.^{[93] [94]} It was the best-selling album in 1970, 1971 and 1972 and was at that time the acknowledged album of all fourth dimension.^[95] It was also CBS Records' acknowledged album before the release of Michael Jackson'south Thriller in 1982.^[96] The anthology topped the Billboard charts for ten weeks and stayed in the charts for 85 weeks.^[95] In the United Kingdom, the anthology topped the charts for 35 weeks, and spent 285 weeks in the meridian 100, from 1970 to 1975.^[95] It has since sold over 25 million copies worldwide.^{[97] [98]} "Bridge over Troubled Water", the lead single, reached number one in five countries and became the duo'due south biggest seller.^[15] The vocal has been covered by over 50 artists,^[99] including Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Aretha Franklin, Jim Nabors, Charlotte Church, Maynard Ferguson, Willie Nelson, Roy Orbison, Michael W. Smith, Josh Groban, and The Mormon Tabernacle Choir.^[100] "Cecilia", the follow-upwards, reached number four in the U.s.a., and "El Condor Pasa" hit number xviii.^[15] A brief British tour followed the album release, and the duo's last concert as Simon & Garfunkel took place at Woods Hills Stadium.^[101] In 1971, the anthology won vi awards at the 13th Annual Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year.^[102]

1971–1990: Breakup, rifts, and reunions [edit]

The recording of Bridge over Troubled Water was difficult, and Simon and Garfunkel's human relationship had deteriorated. "At that indicate, I just wanted out," Simon after said.^[103] At the urging of his wife, Peggy Harper, Simon called Davis to confirm the duo's breakup.^[104] For the next several years, they spoke only 2 or three times a yr.^[105]

In the 1970s, the duo reunited several times. Their outset reunion was Together for McGovern, a do good concert for presidential candidate George McGovern at New York's Madison Square Garden in June 1972.^[xv] In 1975, they reconciled when they visited a recording session with John Lennon and Harry Nilsson.^[106] For the remainder of the year, they attempted to make the reunion work, merely their collaboration just yielded i song, "My Little Boondocks", that was featured on Simon'southward Still Crazy Later on All These Years and Garfunkel's Breakaway, both released in 1975.^[106] The song peaked at number nine on the Hot 100. In 1975, Garfunkel joined Simon for a medley of three songs on Saturday Night Live, guest-hosted by Simon.^[107] In 1977, Garfunkel joined Simon for a brief performance of their old songs on The Paul Simon Special, and later that year they recorded a embrace of Sam Cooke's "(What a) Wonderful Earth" with James Taylor.^[15] Old tensions appeared to dissipate upon Garfunkel's return to New York in 1978, when the duo began interacting more ofttimes.^[105] On May 1, 1978, Simon joined Garfunkel for a concert held at Carnegie Hall to do good the hearing disabled.^[108]

The group performing in the Netherlands in 1982

By 1980, the duo's solo careers were not doing well.^[105] To help alleviate New York's economic decline, concert promoter Ron Delsener suggested a free concert in Key Park.^[109] Delsener contacted Simon with the thought of a Simon & Garfunkel reunion, and once Garfunkel had agreed, plans were made.^[110] The concert, held on September xix, 1981, attracted more than 500,000 people, at that time the largest ever concert omnipresence.^[xv] Warner Bros. Records released a live album of the show, The Concert in Central Park, which went double platinum in the US.^[xv] A 90-minute recording of the concert was sold to Home Box Office (HBO) for over $one one thousand thousand.^[111] The concert created a renewed involvement in Simon & Garfunkel's piece of work.^[112] They had several "heart-to-eye talks", attempting to put their disagreements backside them.^[105] The duo undertook a world tour beginning in May 1982, simply their relationship grew contentious; for the majority of the tour, they did not speak to 1 some other.^[113]

Warner Bros. pushed for the duo to extend the tour and release a new studio album.^[113] Simon had new fabric ready, and, according to Simon, "Artie made a persuasive case that he could make information technology into a natural duo record."^[114] However, the duo quarrelled again; Garfunkel refused to learn the songs in the studio and would not surrender his longstanding cannabis and cigarette habits, despite Simon'southward requests.^[115] Instead, the fabric became Simon's 1983 album Hearts and Bones.^[fifteen] A spokesperson said: "Paul merely felt the material he wrote is so close to his own life that it had to be his own record. Art was hoping to exist on the album, but I'one thousand sure at that place will be other projects that they will work on together."^[115] Another rift opened when the lengthy recording of Simon's 1986 album Graceland prevented Garfunkel from working with engineer Roy Halee on his Christmas album The Animals' Christmas (1985).^[116] In 1986, Simon said he and Garfunkel remained friends and got on well, "similar when we were 10 years old", when they were not working together.^[114]

1990–2018: Awards and final tour [edit]

In 1990, Simon and Garfunkel were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Garfunkel thanked Simon, calling him "the person who most enriched my life by putting those songs through me"; Simon responded, "Arthur and I concord nearly about nothing. But it'southward true, I accept enriched his life quite a bit." After performing 3 songs, the duo left without speaking. In Baronial 1991, Simon staged his own concert in Central Park, released every bit a live album, Paul Simon'south Concert in the Park, a few months afterwards. He declined an offer from Garfunkel to perform with him at the park.^[117]

"We are indescribable. You'll never capture it. Information technology's an ingrown, deep friendship. Yes, there is deep dearest in there. But at that place'south also shit."

– Garfunkel describing his decades-long relationship with Simon^[118]

Past 1993, the relationship had thawed, and Simon invited Garfunkel on an international tour.^[119] Post-obit a sold-out 21-date run at the Paramount Theater in New York and an appearance at that year's Bridge School Benefit in California, they toured the Far East.^[15] They became acrimonious over again for the residuum of the decade.^[fifteen] Simon thanked Garfunkel at his 2001 induction into the Rock and Whorl Hall of Fame equally a solo artist: "I regret the ending of our friendship. I promise that some day before we dice we volition make peace with each other," adding after a break, "No rush."^[fifteen]

In 2003, Simon and Garfunkel received a Lifetime Accomplishment Honor at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards, for which the promoters convinced them to open with a performance of "The Sound of Silence". The functioning was satisfying for both, and they planned a full-calibration reunion tour. The Old Friends tour began in October 2003 and played to sold-out audiences across the United States for 40 dates until mid-December,^[120] earning an estimated $123 meg.^[121] A second United states leg commenced in June 2004, consisting of twenty cities. Post-obit a 12-urban center run in Europe in 2004, they ended their 9-month tour with a gratuitous concert along Via dei Fori Imperiali, in front of the Colosseum in Rome, on July 31, 2004. It attracted 600,000 fans, more than their Concert in Central Park. In 2005, Simon and Garfunkel performed three songs for a Hurricane Katrina do good concert in Madison Square Garden, including a performance with singer Aaron Neville.^[122]

The duo at the 2010 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival^[118]

In February 2009, Simon and Garfunkel reunited for iii songs during Simon's two-nighttime date at New York's Beacon Theatre. This led to a reunion tour of Asia and Australia in June and July 2009.^[121] On October 29, 2009, they performed five songs at the 25th Anniversary Stone and Roll Hall of Fame Concert at Madison Square Garden. In January 2010, Garfunkel adult vocal issues following damage to his vocal cords as the event of an incident in which he had briefly choked on a piece of lobster.^[123] Their headlining set up several months afterwards at the 2010 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival was difficult for Garfunkel. "I was terrible, and crazy nervous. I leaned on Paul Simon and the amore of the crowd," he told Rolling Stone several years later.^[118] Garfunkel was diagnosed with vocal cord paresis, and the remaining tour dates were cancelled. Even so, the 2 reunited 2 months afterward to perform "Mrs. Robinson" at an American Pic Institute Life Achievement Award tribute to director Mike Nichols, in what Rolling Stone suggested might have been their last performance together.^[123] Garfunkel's manager, John Scher, informed Simon'due south camp that Garfunkel would be fix within a year, which did not happen, dissentious relations between the two. Simon continued to publicly wish Garfunkel amend wellness and praised his "angelic" phonation. Garfunkel regained his vocal strength over the grade of the next four years, performing shows in a Harlem theater and to undercover audiences.^[118]

In 2014, Garfunkel told Rolling Stone that he believed he and Simon would tour again, but said: "I know that audiences all over the world like Simon and Garfunkel. I'one thousand with them. Only I don't call up Paul Simon's with them."^[118] In a 2015 interview with The Daily Telegraph, Garfunkel said: "How can you walk away from this lucky identify on top of the earth, Paul? What's going on with you, you idiot? How could you lot let that go, jerk?"^[124] Asked nigh a reunion in 2016, Simon said: "Quite honestly, we don't get forth. And then it's non like it's fun. If it was fun, I'd say, OK, sometimes we'll go out and sing old songs in harmony. That'due south cool. Merely when it's not fun, you know, and y'all're going to be in a tense situation, well, then I have a lot of musical areas that I similar to play in. So that'll never happen again. That's that."^[125] In February 2018, Simon appear his retirement from touring.^[126]

Musical style and legacy [edit]

Over the form of their career, Simon & Garfunkel's music gradually moved from a bones folk rock sound to incorporate more experimental elements for the fourth dimension, including Latin and gospel music.^[one] Their music, according to Rolling Stone, struck a chord amidst lonely, alienated young adults near the end of the decade.^[127]

Simon & Garfunkel received criticism at the acme of their success. In 1968, Rolling Rock critic Arthur Schmidt described their music every bit "questionable ... it exudes a sense of process, and information technology is slick, and nothing too much happens."^[128] New York Times critic Robert Shelton said that the duo had "a kind of Mickey Mouse, timid, contrived" approach.^[129] According to Richie Unterberger of AllMusic, their clean sound and muted lyricism "toll them some hipness points during the psychedelic era ... the pair inhabited the more than polished terminate of the folk-rock spectrum and was sometimes criticized for a sure collegiate sterility."^[1] He noted that some critics regard Simon'due south later solo work as superior to Simon & Garfunkel.^[i]

According to Pitchfork, though Simon & Garfunkel were a highly regarded folk act "distinguished past their intuitive harmonies and Paul Simon's clear songwriting", they were more than bourgeois than the folk music revivalists of Greenwich Hamlet.^[130] By the late 1960s, they had become the "folk establishment ... primarily unthreatening and accessible, which 40 years afterwards makes them an platonic gateway human activity to the weirder, harsher, more than complex folkies of the 60s counterculture".^[131] Nonetheless, their later albums explored more ambitious production techniques and incorporated elements of gospel, rock, R&B, and classical, revealing a "voracious musical vocabulary".^[130]

In 2003, Rolling Rock 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list included Bridge over Troubled H2o at number 51,^[132] Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme at number 201,^[133] Bookends at number 233,^[134] and Greatest Hits at number 293.^[135] And in 2004, on their 500 Greatest Songs of All Time listing, Rolling Stone included "Bridge Over Troubled Water" at number 47, "The Boxer" at number 105, and "The Sound of Silence" at number 156.^[136]

Awards [edit]

Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are held annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Simon & Garfunkel have won 9 full competitive awards, 4 Hall of Fame awards, and a Lifetime Accomplishment Laurels.^[102]

Other recognition

• Awit Awards (1969) – Single of the Yr Foreign Segmentation (for "The Audio of Silence")
• Awit Awards (1969) – Album of the Yr Foreign Division (for The Graduate)
• Brit Awards (1977) – International Album (for Bridge over Troubled Water)
• Rock and Curlicue Hall of Fame (1990) – Inductee
• Song Grouping Hall of Fame (2006) – Inductee

Discography [edit]

Studio albums [edit]

• Wednesday Morning, three A.1000. (1964)
• Sounds of Silence (1966)
• Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966)
• Bookends (1968)
• Span over Troubled Water (1970)

Live albums [edit]

• The Concert in Central Park (1982)
• Alive from New York City, 1967 (2002)
• One-time Friends: Live on Stage (2004)
• Live 1969 (2008)

Soundtracks [edit]

• The Graduate (1968, with Dave Grusin)

Compilation albums [edit]

• Simon and Garfunkel'south Greatest Hits (1972)
• The Simon and Garfunkel Collection: 17 of Their All-Time Greatest Recordings (1981)
• Tales from New York: The Very Best of Simon & Garfunkel (2000)
• The Essential Simon and Garfunkel (2003)

Box sets [edit]

• Collected Works (1981)
• One-time Friends (1997)
• The Columbia Studio Recordings (1964–1970) (2001)
• The Collection: Simon & Garfunkel (2007)
• Simon & Garfunkel: The Complete Albums Collection (2014)

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Richie Unterberger. "Simon & Garfunkel – All Music Guide". AllMusic . Retrieved September 22, 2014.
2. ^ "Simon & Garfunkel, Bookends". Allmusic . Retrieved Baronial 22, 2015.
3. ^ "Episodes: Paul Simon". American Masters. PBS. February 26, 2001. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
4. ^ Rebecca Raber (September nineteen, 2011). "Hive 5: Large Concerts With Big Draws". MTV. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
5. ^ Dwyer, Jim (July 23, 2008). "Great Lawn: A Bubble of History Bursts". New York Times.
6. ^ "The BRITs 1977". Oct eighteen, 1977. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
7. ^ "The singer with Art". The Shuttle. December 1, 2012. Retrieved Feb 26, 2018.
8. ^ "Simon & Garfunkel ranked 40th greatest artist". Rolling Stone. Dec 3, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
9. ^ "20 Greatest Duos of All Fourth dimension". Rolling Stone. December 17, 2015. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
10. ^ Claudia Gryvatz Copquin (2007). The Neighborhoods of Queens. Yale University Press. p. 119. ISBN978-0300112993.
11. ^ ^{a b} David Browne (2012). Fire and Rain: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Bittersweet Story Of 1970. Da Capo Press. p. 31. ISBN9780306822131.
12. ^ Pete Fornatale (Oct 30, 2007). Simon and Garfunkel'due south Bookends. Rodale. pp. sixteen–18. ISBN9781594864278.
13. ^ ^{a b} Pete Fornatale (Oct 30, 2007). Simon and Garfunkel'southward Bookends. Rodale. p. 19. ISBN9781594864278.
14. ^ Timothy White (2009). Long Ago And Far Abroad: James Taylor – His Life And Music. Omnibus Press. p. 189. ISBN9780857120069.
15. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Serpick, Evan (2001). The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1136 pp. First edition, 2001.
16. ^ ^{a b} Richard Harrington (May 18, 2007). "Paul Simon, The Sound Of America". The Washington Post . Retrieved September 20, 2014.
17. ^ Marc Eliot (2010). Paul Simon: A Life . John Wiley & Sons. p. 18. ISBN978-0-470-43363-8.
18. ^ ^{a b} David Browne (2012). Fire and Rain: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Bloodshot Story Of 1970. Da Capo Press. p. 32. ISBN9780306822131.
19. ^ Marc Eliot (2010). Paul Simon: A Life . John Wiley & Sons. p. 21. ISBN978-0-470-43363-eight.
20. ^ ^{a b} Pete Fornatale (October 30, 2007). Simon and Garfunkel'due south Bookends. Rodale. p. 20. ISBN9781594864278.
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73. ^ Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 46 - Sergeant Pepper at the Summit: The very best of a very good year" (audio). Popular Chronicles. University of Due north Texas Libraries. Track 4.
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75. ^ ^{a b} Bookends (2001 Remaster) (liner notes). Simon & Garfunkel. US: Columbia Records. 2001. CK 66003. {{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
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80. ^ Gross, Mike (April 13, 1968). "All-Stereo LP Swing Boon to Industry: Columbia's Davis". Billboard. Vol. eighty, no. 15. New York Urban center. p. eight. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved January xiv, 2014.
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83. ^ David Browne (2012). Fire and Pelting: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Bittersweet Story Of 1970. Da Capo Press. p. 27. ISBN9780306822131.
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85. ^ Hayward, Anthony (October 5, 2011). "John Calley: Moving-picture show producer who fabricated 'Catch-22' and successfully headed 3 major studios". Obituaries. The Independent. Retrieved Baronial 13, 2012.
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93. ^ "Bridge over Troubled Water – Simon & Garfunkel : Awards". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
94. ^ "The Official Charts Company – Album chart for 19/11/2011". Official Charts Company. Retrieved Feb iv, 2012.
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96. ^ R. Serge Denisoff: Within Mtv, Transaction Publishers, 1988, p. 117
97. ^ "BPI Highest Retail Sales" (PDF). British Phonographic Manufacture. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
98. ^ "Simon and Garfunkel heading to NZ". The New Zealand Herald. Apr 2, 2009. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
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Bibliography [edit]

• Bennighof, James (2007). The Words and Music of Paul Simon. Greenwood Publishing Grouping. ISBN978-0-275-99163-0.
• Browne, David (2012). Fire and Pelting: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Lost Story Of 1970 . Da Capo Printing. ISBN978-0-306-82072-4.
• Charlesworth, Chris (1997). "Bridge Over Troubled Water". The Complete Guide to the Music of Paul Simon and Simon & Garfunkel. Omnibus Press. ISBN978-0-7119-5597-4.
• Ebel, Roswitha (2004). Paul Simon: seine Musik, sein Leben [Paul Simon: His Music, His Life] (in German). epubli. ISBN978-3-937729-00-viii.
• Eliot, Marc (2010). Paul Simon: A Life . John Wiley and Sons. ISBN978-0-470-43363-eight.
• Fornatale, Pete (2007). Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale. ISBN978-1-59486-427-8.
• Humphries, Patrick (1982). Bookends: The Simon and Garfunkel Story. Proteus Books. ISBN978-0-86276-063-ii.
• Kingston, Victoria (2000). Simon & Garfunkel: The Biography. Fromm International. ISBN978-0-88064-246-0.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Simon & Garfunkel interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)
• Simon & Garfunkel discography at Discogs

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_&_Garfunkel

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